Title page – – – – – – – – – i
Declaration – – – – – – – – – ii
Approval page – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – – – vi
Table of content – – – – – – – – vii
1.0 Introduction – – – – – – – 1
1.0.1 Background of the study – – – – – 1
1.1 Statement of problem – – – – – – 2
1.2 Aims and Objective of the study – – – – 3
1.3 Significance of the study – – – – 4
1.4 Scope and Limitations of the study – – – – 4
1.5 Definition of Terms – – – – – – 5
2.0 Literature Review – – – – – – 7
2.0.1 Introduction – – – – – – – 7
2.0.2 Concept of Policy – – – – – – 7
2.1 Development of Macro-economic Policy in Nigeria – 9
2.2 Monetary and Credit Policy Measures of the Central
Bank of Nigeria in 2004/2005ion – – – – 11
2.2.1 The Objectives and Strategies of the Polices – – 11
2.2.2 Policy Measures – – – – – – – 12
2.2.3 Open Market Operations (OMO) – – – – 12
2.2.4 Reserve Requirements – – – – – – 13
2.2.4.1 Cash Reserve Requirement (CRR) – – – 13
2.2.4.2 Liquidity Ratio – – – – – – – 14
2.2.5 Discount Window Operations – – – – 15
2.2.6 Interest Rate Policy – – – – – – 16
2.3 Reforms Policies of the Government aimed at promoting
Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Nigeria – 17
2.3.1 Credit Schemes – – – – – – – 19
2.3.2 Specialized Credit Institution – – – – – 19
2.4 The N25 billion Recapitalization Policy and the Impact
on the Banking Sector and the Nigeria Economy- – 20
2.4.1 Brand Implications – – – – – – 20
2.4.2 Structural Implications – – – – – – 20
2.4.3 The Twenty Five Banks that made the N25 billion
Recapitalization – – – – – – – 24
Institutions activities – – – – – – 26
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
3.0 Summary – – – – – – – – 29
3.1 Conclusion – – – – – – – 32
3.2 Recommendations – – – – – – 33
Bibliography – – – – – – – 35
This essay work is aimed at assessing the impact of government reforms policies on financial institutions in Nigeria in the economic development of the country. To be able to achieve this, the study is divided into three chapters.
Chapter 1 gives a general overview of the government policies in Nigeria and the development of these policies and the various changes and modifications that these policies have undergone over the years in achieving economic development of the country.
In chapter 2, the essay reviews the statements and comments of various individuals and experts contained in different publications. It traces the development of macro-economic policies in Nigeria right from Nigeria’s independence in 1960 till date and their impacts on financial institutions in the country.
Chapter 3 gives a summary and conclusion of the essay and also makes recommendations on ways to ensure that the right policies are not only made but are also fully implemented and sustained to make the financial institutions more effective and efficient and to ensure general economic development of the country.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Over the years, Nigeria economy has witnessed a lot of dynamic changes in its economic policies in order to attain a macro-economic stability. Each administration has come up with different economic policies that are believed to be suitable for the economic environment of that particular period. It has been observed with keen interest over the years that some of these economic policies are not realistic in a depressed and battered economy as what is obtained in Nigeria. It could be formulated and analyzed in theoretical framework but not in practice because of the implementation processes or lack of it. More so, some of these policies were not fully implemented. In some cases, the federal government and the authority involved in formulation and implementation of these policies did not adhere to the laid down rules and regulations while implementing these policies. And this inefficiency on the part of the administrators, provide a major reason why these sound economic policies designed to solve our macro economic problems have continuously failed to yield the desired results.
In this research, it is not only the formulation and implementation of these policies that really matters but also the impacts and implications of these policies on financial institutions in Nigeria. Here, the changes and modifications in these policies and how they affect managerial decisions of these financial institutions in order to achieve their aims and objectives and also to achieve a general economic development of the country, would be looked into. Also, the impact of these government economic policies on project financing, production, capacity utilization, sales and revenue of the institutions would be examined. Most financial institutions find it difficult to make a long-run projections into their activities in the future. This is because of the changes in government economic policies. Although, in any serious economy, government must make some changes in its economic policies, but there must be some elements of consistency in these policies which are best determined by the prevailing economic situations in such a country.
All these policies were formulated and implemented in order to increase the employment opportunities, reduce inflation, increase capacity utilization, price stability and general economic well-being of the citizens. But in most cases, the reverse is the case in Nigeria.
Most financial institutions (especially banks) were completely closed down due to harsh economic climate which must have been as a result of lack of adequate capital to remain in business.
The Nigerian monetary Authority (Central bank) in conjunction with the federal government and its executive arm, has made it difficult for an average investor to understand the fundamental government macro economic policies. This is due to the dynamic changes and the inconsistency observed every year in government economic policies (both monetary and fiscal policies) which in most cases, are included in the years budget.
Governments at various levels (federal, state and local governments) are often being critized for their failure in adhering to long term economic policies with little adjustments to suit the changing economic climate. And this inconsistency in government economic policies has made it difficult if not almost impossible, for private and public sectors alike to make a long run projection into their organizations’ activities or operations in the future with utmost certainty.
The aims and objectives of this study are as follows:
There have been little work or inadequate research carried out on this particular study in recent times. This study will be useful to all staff and students of Kaduna Polytechnic and also to those in other institutions of higher learning across the country, who will eventually go into private business or find themselves working in or heading financial institutions. It will also be useful to business mangers and those who have particular interest in the study. This study will serve as a guide to further research.
This study covers majorly, government’s macro-economic policies (monetary and fiscal) and the various measures employed in implementing these policies towards the economic development of the country. It looks into the various macro-economic policies of government and the impacts of these policies on financial institutions.
However, the study was conducted not without some limitations. The limitations of the study include the following:
Macro-economic policies: They are those policies designed to
accelerate the pace of economic recovery of a depressed economy.
Monetary Policies: These are the combination of measures
designed to control the stock of money in pursuit of specified economic objectives. Specifically, they are applied to regulate the availability, and reduction of credit, which is called “discretionary control of money supply and credit which is made at the instance of a central monetary authority e.g. the central bank.
Fiscal Policies: These refer to the use of
government expenditures and taxes to control the level of economic activities.
Central Bank: This is the government bank. Its main
task is to effectively assist the government in carrying out monetary and fiscal policies.
Financial institutions: These are establishment that issue
financial obligations (such as demand deposits) in order to acquire funds from the public. They are divided into:
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