In some years past, the measurement of the amount of fluids which flows through pipes was very difficult, simply because, there was past, it was discovered that most of our industrial process or operations require fluid and the quantity of these fluids needed to be known for effective operations and to minimize issues. This stimulated the scientists to go into a research work, which led to the discovery of these metering devices or instrument. Lenodo de vin was the first scientist to discover ‘orifiice meter” in the year 1452 - 1519, during his study of hydraulics of water flow in channels and he decided to use the orifice meter in his research. He also observed that the meter was good for the study of fluid. He also noticed that the introduction of an orifice meter into a pipeline is necessary as this causes a change in the kinetic of the fluid.Furthermore, still in the field of hydraulic experiment, a scientist called -VENTURI” after 7000 AD discovered a venturi meter. Also, before the beginning of the 20th century, a scientist called -HAREHEL DEUTSHER” discovered the flow nozzle in their various studies of hydraulics.However, flow meters used for measurement has become a device with the advent of the industrial age because of the need for controlled flow process, accounting methods and more efficiently in operation and also because of the realization that controls flow rate is simple and convenient method to other process variable such as temperature and pressure.But in this project write up, more emphases will be placed on the working principles of the flow nozzle, the advantage and disadvantage and finally it uses.1.3 OBJECTIVE/SCOPE OF THE PROJECTThe objective of this project is centered on constructing a flow nozzle, that is capable of transporting fluid (liquid) from one end to the other at a specified pressure, creating pressure differential in the moving fluid and to be able to measure the quantity of fluid that will flow through the nozzle for a given period of time.The dimensions and specifications of the constructed flow nozzle are as follows:Throat Diameter 60mmThe diameter of the duct pipe 140mmThe length of the up stream pipe 200mmThe thickness of the nozzle 3.8mmThe length of the down stream pipe 200mmThe height of the nozzle 820mmThe length of the nozzle 690mmThe size of the pressure valves ½ inch
The construction of the flow nozzle was carried out with materials obtained locally and the specifications recommended by the international standard organization (I.S.I) were strictly adhered to, during construction. The constructed flow nozzle should be inserted to a straight pipeline at least 850mm long to eliminate any eddies or other disturbances and substantially steady flow through the nozzle.