Cultural property theft and illicit trafficking pose significant threats to the preservation of humanity's cultural heritage. The illegal trade in cultural artifacts not only erodes the historical and artistic legacy of nations but also undermines the cultural identity and rights of communities. This project seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of the legal and ethical considerations surrounding responses to cultural property theft and illicit trafficking, aiming to shed light on the complexities of combatting these illicit activities and the implications for global cultural heritage preservation. The introduction will outline the objectives, scope, and methodology employed in the research, emphasizing the need to understand the multifaceted nature of cultural property theft and illicit trafficking, the legal frameworks in place to address these issues, and the ethical responsibilities inherent in safeguarding cultural heritage.