Declaration………………………………………………………………………………………………….. i Certification…………………………………………………………………………………………………. i Dedication……………………………………………………………………………………………………. iii Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………………… iv Abstracts……………………………………………………………………………………………………. vi Tables of Cases………………………………………………………………………………………….. vii Tables of Statutes ……………………………………………………………….. viii 

List of Journals……………………………………………………………………………………………. x Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………………………………….. xi Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………………………. xii

Chapter ONE

1.1 Background of the Study………………………………………… 1 

1.2 Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………………………….. 3 

1.3 Aims and objectives of the Study………………………………………………………… 5 

1.4 Scope of the Study…………………………………………………………………… 5 

1.5 Literature Review……………………………………………………………………………….. 5 

1.6 Justification ……………………………………………….. 11 

1.7 Methodology ……………………………………………………… 12 

1.8 Organisational Layout…………………………………………………………………………. 13

Chapter TWO

2.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………….. 15 

2.1.1 Meaning of Non-Intervention…………………………………………………………………. 16 

2.1.2 Historical Development of the Principle of Non-intervention ……………………… 17 

2.2 Sources of the Law of Non-intervention………………………………………………….. 25 

2.2.1 United Nations Charter…………………………………………………………………………. 25 2.2.2 United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2131………………………………….. 26 

2.2.3 United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2625…………………………………. 28 

2.2.4 Case Law…………………………………………………………………………………………… 29 2.2.5 Customary International Law…………………………………………………………………. 30 

2.2.6 Opinio Juris …………………………………………………………………………………….. 30 

2.3. The Interpretation of Domestic Jurisdiction……………………………………………… 30 

2.3.2 Some Reasons for Intervention……………………………………………………………… 31 

2.4. The Idea of Sovereignty of State…………………………………………………………… 32 

2.4.2 The Concept of Sovereignty…………………………………………………………………. 33 

2.4.3 Non-Intervention and The Doctrine of Sovereignty…………………………………. 35 

2.4.4 The Concept of Sovereignty and Contemporary World………………………… 38 

2.5 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………. 43 

Chapter THREE

3.2 The Modern Concept of Intervention…………………………………………………… 48 

3.2.1 Political Pressure……………………………………………………………………. 48 

3.2.2 Economic Pressure………………………………………………………………………… 52 

3.2.3 Democratic Revolution…………………………………………………………………….. 56 

3.2.4 Humanitarian Assistance………………………………………………………………….. 59 

3.2.5 Ideological or Moral Value…………………………………………………………………. 62 

3.2.6 Supply of Funds………………………………………………………………………………. 65 

3.2.7 Provision of Statistics and Logistics……………………………………………………. 67 

3.2.8 Economic Sanctions……………………………………………………………………….. 68 

3.2.9 Intervention to Assist Modernization………………………………………………….. 70 

3.3 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………. 73

Chapter FOUR

4.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………… 74 

4.2 Prohibition of Intervention………………………………………………………………………. 77 

4.3 Anticipatory Self-Defence……………………………………………………………………… 79 

4.4 Intervention through Authorization of the UN General Assembly……………….. 84 

4.5. Claims to other Exceptions………………………………………………………………….. 90 

4.5.1 Intervention for the Protection of the lives and Property of Nationals………… 91 

4.5.2 Intervention by Request……………………………………………………………………….. 100 4.5.3 Humanitarian Intervention…………………………………………………………………… 102 

(a) Indian Intervention in Pakistan, 1971………………………………………………………104 

(b) Tanzania Intervention in Uganda, 1979……………………………………………….. 105 

(c) Vietnamese Intervention in Cambodia…………………………………………………… 106 

(d) Allied Forces Intervention in Iraq, 1991………………………………………………… 106 

Intervention in Central African Republic 2013…………………………………111 

4.5.3.1 Comment………………………………………………………………………………………… 112 4.5.4 Intervention to Enforce Provision of a Treaty………………………………………… 115 

4.5.4.1 The Turkish Intervention in Cyprus, 1974…………………………………………….. 115 

4.5.5 Intervention in support of Democracy (Reagan Doctrine)………………………. 117 

4.5.6 Intervention/Non-intervention in the Post-Cold War Period……………………. 120 

4.5.6.1 (i) Intervention in Haiti and Liberia……………………………………………………… 120 

4.5.7 Intervention in the Fight Against Terrorism…………………………………………… 125 

4.6 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………….. 126

Chapter FIVE

5.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………. 128 

5.2 Summary of the Principle of Non-Intervention……………………………………… 128 

5.3 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………………. 129 

5.4 Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………….. 134 

6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………………………… 137