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Design and fabrication of a palm fruit digester

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE

1.1              Introduction                                                  

1.2              Manual Digester                                            

1.3              Motorized Digester                            

1.4              Types of Motorized Digester            

Chapter TWO

2.1              Literature Review                              

2.2              Mutter Way Digester                        

2.3              Vertical Type                                    

2.4              Horizontal Type                                            

2.5.8        Specifications                                    

2.6.1        Limitation of Space                                      

2.6.2        Power Suppler                                                

2.6              Material and Labour                                      

2.7              Maintenance                                      

2.8              Design Concepts and Analysis                                                                

Chapter THREE

3.1              Material Selections                                                    

3.2              Design of Shaft                                                          

3.3              Location of Bearings            

3.4              Bearing Lubrication                          

3.5              Bearing Housing                                

3.6              Electric Motor            

3.7              Pulley Material                                  

Chapter FOUR

5.1              Design Calculations                          

5.2              Description of Component                

5.3              Conclusion                                                    

5.4              Cost Analysis                                    

Bibliography                          

LIST OF ILLUSTRATION

1                    Introduction

2                    Literature Review

3                    Material Selection

4                    Design Calculation

LIST OF SYMBOLS

SYMBOLS                                                                 UNITS

N – Factor of safety                                       Kilogram

M – Mass                                                                   Kilogram

Dia – Diameter                                                           Kilogram

M – Bending Moment                                               Meter

T – Torque                                                                   Meter

V – Velocity                                                   Newton – seconds

T – Time                                                                     Seconds  

I – Moment of Inertial                                               Kilogram (meter)

G – Acceleration due to gravity                     Newton (meter)

P – Pressure                                                     Kilogram

F – Force                                                                     Newton’s

H – Height                                                                 Meter

Rpm –                                                             Revolution per minute

R – Radius                                                                 Meter

V – Volume                                                   Meter

We – Weight                                                   Newton’s

D – Density                                                                 Kilogram – Meters

Pc – Critical Road                                                       Newton

L – Length                                                                 Meter

W – Width                                                                 Meter

S – Bending Stress                                         Newton

Y – Torsional Stress                                       Newton/Meter


Thesis Abstract

Abstract
This research project focuses on the design and fabrication of a palm fruit digester, which aims to improve the traditional method of palm oil extraction in many rural communities. The palm fruit digester is a mechanical device that enhances the efficiency of palm oil production by effectively breaking down the fruit pulp to release oil more easily. The design process involves analyzing the traditional palm oil extraction methods, identifying the key challenges and inefficiencies, and developing a solution that is both cost-effective and easy to use for small-scale farmers. The fabrication of the palm fruit digester entails selecting appropriate materials and components that are readily available and affordable. The digester is designed to be durable, efficient, and user-friendly, making it suitable for use in resource-constrained environments. The fabrication process involves assembling the various components according to the design specifications, ensuring that the digester functions effectively and safely. The palm fruit digester is expected to significantly increase the productivity and income of small-scale palm oil producers by streamlining the extraction process and reducing manual labor. By implementing this innovative technology, farmers can extract oil from palm fruit more efficiently, leading to higher yields and improved economic outcomes. Additionally, the palm fruit digester promotes sustainable practices by reducing waste and increasing the overall efficiency of the palm oil production process. Overall, the design and fabrication of the palm fruit digester represent a practical solution to enhance palm oil extraction in rural communities. This project not only addresses the challenges faced by small-scale farmers but also contributes to the sustainable development of the palm oil industry. The implementation of the palm fruit digester has the potential to improve the livelihoods of farmers, increase the quality of palm oil production, and promote economic growth in rural areas. Through collaboration with local communities and stakeholders, the palm fruit digester can be further optimized and customized to meet the specific needs of different regions, ultimately leading to a more sustainable and efficient palm oil production system.

Thesis Overview

1.1              INTRODUCTION

The digester machine is used for the removal of mescals from the palm fruit. The processes used in the digestion vary according to fundamental technological developments, which affect the system of operation.

The digestion of palm fruit is as old as mankind. The various level of social development change the phase of the digestion action.

The relative humidity content of the palm fruit and other associated, physical sand chemical composition of the palm fruit affect the choice of processes for the digestion of palm fruit.

The digester system within the African countries is usually done in pastel and mortar. The palm fruit is fed in a hermitical cross-sectional mortar and pounded with many reciprocatory up and down blows. This action tends to remove the monocarp from the palm fruit in marshy oil dropping from. This mashy – oil – dropping form now give why for pressing operation which will lead to the bringing out the palm oil. The digester system within the African countries can also bed done in a horizontal sump of about 6ft x 3ft with 8 3ft depth where the palm fruit will be poured when that is done a person will stand on the palm fruit right in the hole and be matching on it for a short period after which the monocarp will be removed from the Nut when it is pressed the oil will come out.

In the fundamental technological development, engineering designs encouraged the construction of different – proto type of digester which aids in the production of more digestible mashy fruit. There are different types of digesters. They are classified into:

1.         Manual digester

2.         Motorized digester.

1.2              MANUAL DIGESTER

Manual digesters are built with different shapes and patterns. These is a ways a handle which is used to turn the palm fruit in the barrel the shaft of the digester is designed and welded onto with flanges of barrel depending on the size of the barrel used the operation is efficient but very slow and involve a lot of human effort for high production. This method of operation can not go on for industrial use because of its low production rate. Above all human effort tends to dominate the whole operation manual digesters are mostly common in industrial African villages and communities where there is no rural electrification.

1.3              MOTORIZED DIGESTER

Motorized digesters consist of a machine with a power driver pulley from the electric motor. The source of power transmission is belt from the driver (i.e) elector motor pulley to the driven digester pulley. The pulley is keyed to the shaft which is supported on two ball bearings located on each end of the shaft. The type of shaft used is the step shaft with the flanges welded unto the bigger correctional part of the shaft. The shaft assembly and flanges are enclosed in a barrel which is usually cylindrical, and the barrel internal surface is about 2cm – 5cm depending on the verities of palm fruit intended for digestion.

1.4              TYPES OF MOTORIZED DIGESTER

Horizontal types of the motorized digester are classified depending on the axis of mounting of the barrel and shaft. The horizontal digester are designed with shaft and barrel parirel to the horizontal axis and will incorporate an electric motor that will generate power to the system that will enable the system to function accordingly the vertical digester are this type which the axis are built at right angle to the horizontal axis, the shaft and barrel are positioned in a vertical direction to work effectively. Most designers prefers this type of vertically mounted system because of it high efficiency and easy construction and even good out put in terms of digestion.


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