Thesis Abstract

Abstract
Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are polyunsaturated fats that are crucial for human health but cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through diet. The two main types of EFAs are omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. These fatty acids play a vital role in various physiological processes, including brain function, cardiovascular health, and inflammation regulation. Omega-3 fatty acids are found in fatty fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts, while omega-6 fatty acids are abundant in vegetable oils like corn and soybean oil. Numerous studies have highlighted the importance of maintaining the proper balance of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the diet. An imbalanced intake of these EFAs can lead to inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, and cognitive impairments. The optimal ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids is suggested to be around 41, but the typical Western diet often skews this ratio significantly higher due to the overconsumption of processed foods rich in omega-6 fatty acids. Supplementation with fish oil, a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, has been shown to have beneficial effects on various health conditions, including reducing inflammation, improving cognitive function, and lowering the risk of heart disease. In contrast, excessive omega-6 intake, especially from sources like refined vegetable oils, has been associated with increased inflammation and a higher risk of chronic diseases. The metabolism and conversion of EFAs involve a series of enzymatic reactions that are tightly regulated in the body. Genetic variations in these enzymes can impact an individual's ability to convert omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids efficiently, leading to differences in EFA levels and their downstream effects on health. Overall, maintaining a balanced intake of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids is essential for promoting optimal health and preventing chronic diseases. Dietary strategies to achieve this balance include increasing consumption of fatty fish, nuts, seeds, and leafy greens while reducing the intake of processed foods high in omega-6 fatty acids. Further research is needed to better understand the intricate roles of EFAs in human health and to develop personalized dietary recommendations based on individual genetic profiles.

Thesis Overview