1.1 Background and Rationale 1.2 Research Objectives 1.3 Scope and Significance 1.4 Research Questions 1.5 Methodology Overview 1.6 Organization of the Thesis

Chapter 2

2.1 Evolution of Public Spaces and Social Inclusion 2.2 Key Design Elements and Programming Strategies for Inclusive Public Spaces 2.3 Social Dynamics and Community Engagement in Urban Public Areas 2.4 Previous Studies on the Relationship Between Public Spaces and Social Inclusion 2.5 Gaps in Existing Research 2.6 Conceptual Framework

Chapter 3

3.1 Case Selection and Study Design 3.1.1 Criteria for Selecting Cities with Notable Inclusive Public Spaces 3.1.2 Comparative Analysis Framework 3.2 Data Collection 3.2.1 Observational Studies of Public Space Usage 3.2.2 Surveys and Interviews with Diverse Community Members 3.3 Assessing the Role of Public Spaces in Fostering Social Inclusion 3.4 Participatory Research and Co-Design Approaches 3.5 Policy Analysis and Regulatory Frameworks 3.6 Limitations and Assumptions

Chapter 4

4.1 Analysis of Public Spaces' Role in Fostering Social Inclusion 4.2 Evaluation of Design Elements, Programming, and Community Engagement 4.3 Comparative Analysis of Cities with Different Inclusive Public Space Approaches 4.4 Stakeholder Perspectives on the Benefits and Challenges of Inclusive Public Spaces 4.5 Opportunities and Risks Associated with Promoting Social Inclusion through Public Areas 4.6 Implications for Urban Planning and Community Development

Chapter 5

5.1 Summary of Findings 5.2 Contributions to Existing Knowledge 5.3 Practical Implications for Designing Inclusive Urban Public Spaces 5.4 Recommendations for Future Research 5.5 Conclusion