Thesis Abstract

Abstract
This research project focuses on the design and construction of an intelligent 250 volts battery charger with a microprocessor utilizing a seven-segment display. The aim of this project is to develop a sophisticated battery charging system that not only charges efficiently but also provides real-time feedback and control to the user. The integration of a microprocessor allows for intelligent monitoring of the charging process, ensuring optimal charging performance while safeguarding the battery from overcharging or undercharging. The battery charger is designed to operate at 250 volts, catering to a wide range of battery types and sizes. The use of a microprocessor enables the implementation of various charging algorithms and protection mechanisms to enhance the overall efficiency and safety of the charging process. The seven-segment display provides clear and user-friendly feedback on the charging status, voltage levels, and any error messages that may arise during the charging process. The construction of the intelligent battery charger involves the selection of high-quality components, careful circuit design, and programming of the microprocessor to execute the desired functions. Various sensors are integrated into the system to monitor parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature, allowing the microprocessor to make informed decisions and adjustments to the charging process in real time. The intelligent battery charger is equipped with multiple charging modes to accommodate different battery chemistries and charging requirements. Users can select the appropriate charging mode through the user interface on the seven-segment display, providing flexibility and customization based on their specific battery needs. Safety features such as overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, and temperature monitoring are implemented to ensure the longevity and safety of the battery being charged. Overall, the design and construction of this intelligent 250 volts battery charger with a microprocessor and seven-segment display offer a reliable and efficient solution for charging various types of batteries. The integration of intelligent monitoring and control capabilities enhances the user experience by providing real-time feedback and ensuring optimal charging performance. This project contributes to the advancement of battery charging technology and showcases the potential for intelligent systems in improving energy storage solutions.

Thesis Overview

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS A BATTERY CHARGER: A battery charger is a device used to put energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery. By forcing on electric current through it.

The charge current depends upon the technology and capacity of the battery being charged. For example, the current that should be applied to recharge a 12v car battery will be very different from the current for a mobile phone battery.

WHAT IS AN INTELLIGENT BATTERY CHARGER: This is a battery charger whose output current depends upon the battery’s state. An intelligent charger may monitor the battery’s voltage, temperature and/ or time under charge to determine the optimum charge current at that instant. Charging is terminated when a combination of the voltage, temperature and/or time indicates that the battery is fully charged.

OTHER TYPE OF BATTERY CHARGERS

1. SIMPLE BATTERY CHARGER: A simple charger works by connecting a constant dc power source to the battery being charged. A simple charger does not alter its output based on time or the charge on the battery. This simplicity means that a simple charger is inexpensive but there is a trade off in quality.

2. TRICKLE BATTERY CHARGER: A trickle charger is a kind of simple charger that charges the battery slowly, at the self-discharge rate. A trickle charger is the slowest kind of battery charger.

3. TIMER-BASED BATTERY CHARGER: The output of timer charger is terminated after a predetermined time. Timer chargers were the most common type for high-capacity Ni-Cd cells in the late 1990s

4. FAST BATTERY CHARGER: fast chargers make use of control circuitry in the batteries being charged to rapidly charge the batteries without damaging the cells element. Most such chargers have a cooling fan to help keep the temperature of the cells under control.

5. PULSE BATTERY CHARGER: some charger use pulse technology in which a pulse is fed to the battery. This DC pulse has a strictly controlled rise time, pulse width, pulse repetitive rate (frequency) and amplitude. This technology is used to work with any size, voltage, capacity or chemistry of batteries including automotive and valve-regulated batteries. .

6. INDUCTIVE BATTERY CHARGER: Inductive battery chargers use electromagnetic induction to charge batteries. A charging station sends electromagnetic energy through inductive coupling to an electrical device which stores the energy in the batteries

7. USB-BASED BATTERY CHARGER: Since the universal serial bus specification provides for a five-volt power supply, it is possible to use a USB cable as a power source for recharging batteries.