Thesis Abstract

Abstract
This research project focuses on the design and construction of a quad rotor capable of lifting from the floor. The quad rotor, also known as a quadcopter, is a type of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that is lifted and propelled by four rotors. The project aims to develop a quad rotor that can take off vertically from the ground, hover in place, and perform controlled movements in different directions. The design process involves selecting appropriate materials for the frame, rotors, and electronics to ensure a balance between strength and weight. The construction phase includes assembling the components, integrating the control system, and testing the quad rotor for stability and performance. Various sensors and actuators are incorporated to enable precise control of the quad rotor's movements. The quad rotor's lift-off capability is critical for its operation as it allows the vehicle to take off without the need for a runway or external support. This feature makes the quad rotor versatile and suitable for various applications, including aerial photography, surveillance, and environmental monitoring. The ability to lift off from the floor adds an element of convenience and efficiency to the quad rotor's operation. The project also explores the aerodynamics and control algorithms necessary to achieve stable flight and maneuverability. By studying the principles of flight dynamics and control theory, the quad rotor's performance can be optimized for different flight conditions and tasks. The integration of sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and GPS enhances the quad rotor's navigation and positioning capabilities. Furthermore, safety considerations play a crucial role in the design and construction of the quad rotor. Measures are taken to prevent collisions, mitigate risks during flight, and ensure the quad rotor's reliability in various operating environments. Adherence to regulations and guidelines governing UAV operations is essential to ensure safe and responsible use of the quad rotor. In conclusion, the design and construction of a quad rotor capable of lifting from the floor require a multidisciplinary approach that combines principles of engineering, aerodynamics, and control systems. The project aims to develop a functional and reliable quad rotor that can perform a range of tasks requiring vertical take-off and controlled flight.

Thesis Overview

1.0 INTRODUCTION

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is an aircraft that does not carry a human operator. It is normally a powered aircraft that relies on aerodynamic forces to provide motion. This motion is controlled either by onboard computer (autonomous) or by remote control. Accurate methods of detecting and reacting to the UAVs environment are being developed; making some modern UAVs are virtually crash-proof (Merz & Kendoul 2013).

Quad rotors are symmetrical vehicles with four equally sized rotors at the end of four equal length rods. Early designs of quad rotors were completed in the 1920‟s by Etienne Omichen, Dr. George de Bothezat and Ivan Jerome. These designs, however, never truly grasped the attention of the public or the in case of Dr Bothezat and Jerome the military. Therefore, neither Omichen’s or Bothezat and Jerome’s were mass produced. This fact, however, does not discredit the advantages of quad rotors. Unlike their counter parts, quad rotors make use of multiple rotors allowing for a greater amount of thrust and consequently a greater amount of maneuverability. Also, the quad rotors symmetrical design allows for easier control of the overall stability of the aircraft. Each of the rotors on the quad-rotor helicopter produces both thrust and torque. Given that the front and rear motors both rotate counter-clockwise and the other two rotate clockwise, the net aerodynamic torque will be zero, as seen in Figure 1.0

Quad rotors are symmetrical vehicles with four equally sized rotors at the end of four equal length rods. Early designs of quad rotors were completed in the 1920‟s by Etienne Omichen, Dr. George de Bothezat and Ivan Jerome. These designs, however, never truly grasped the attention of the public or the in case of Dr Bothezat and Jerome the military. Therefore, neither Omichen’s or Bothezat and Jerome’s were mass produced. This fact, however, does not discredit the advantages of quad rotors. Unlike their counter parts, quad rotors make use of multiple rotors allowing for a greater amount of thrust and consequently a greater amount of maneuverability. Also, the quad rotors symmetrical design allows for easier control of the overall stability of the aircraft. Each of the rotors on the quad-rotor helicopter produces both thrust and torque. Given that the front and rear motors both rotate counter-clockwise and the other two rotate clockwise, the net aerodynamic torque will be zero, as seen in Figure 1.0