1. Introduction
  1.1 Background and Significance of Cost Estimation
  1.2 Objectives of the Study
2. Literature Review
  2.1 Overview of Cost Estimation Methods
  2.2 Factors Affecting Cost Estimation Accuracy
  2.3 Case Studies of Cost Estimation in Chemical Plant Design
3. Methodology
  3.1 Selection of Cost Estimation Techniques
  3.2 Development of Cost Estimation Models
  3.3 Case Study Selection and Data Collection
4. Results and Analysis
  4.1 Comparison of Cost Estimation Techniques
  4.2 Impact of Scale-up and Process Complexity
  4.3 Technological Advancements and Cost Estimation Accuracy
5. Conclusions and Recommendations
  5.1 Summary of Findings
  5.2 Implications for Chemical Plant Design
  5.3 Recommendations for Improving Cost Estimation Practices