itle page – – – – – – – – – i
Dedication – – – – – – – – ii
Declaration – – – – – – – – – iii
Project Approval – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – – v
Table of content – – – – – – – – vi
Abstract – – – – – – – – – vii
Chapter ONE
1.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 1
1.1 Aim – – – – – – – – – 4
1.2 Objectives – – – – – – – – 4
1.3 Statement of Research Problem – – – – – – 4
1.4 Justification – – – – – – – – 5
Chapter TWO
2.0 Literature review- – – – – – – – 6
2.1 An automated Teller Machine (ATM machine) – – – – 6
2.2 History and invention of ATM machines – – – – 6
2.3 ATMs contact surfaces – – – – – – – 7
2.4 Hygiene – – – – – – – – – 8
2.5 Poor personal hygiene – – – – – – – 8
2.6 Cross contamination – – – – – – – 9
2.7 Outbreak associated with ATM contact surfaces- – – – 9
2.8 Contributing factors to illness- – – – – – – 10
2.9 Enteric Bacteria – – – – – – – – 13
2.1.1 Selected genera of the Family Enterobacteriaceae – – – 16
2.1.2Escherichia coli– – – – – – – – – 16
2.1.3 Salmonella species. – – – – – – – 21
Chapter THREE
3.0 Materials and methods – – – – – – – 23
3.1 Sampling sites – – – – – – – – 23
3.2 Sample collection – – – – – – – 23
3.3 Media preparation – – – – – – – 24
3.4 Bacteriological Procedures – – – – – – 24
3.4.1 Serial dilution – – – – – – – – 24
3.4.2 Inoculation and incubation of samples – – – – 25
3.4.3 Gram staining – – – – – – – – 26
3.5 Biochemical tests – – – – – – – 27
3.5.1 Citrate utilization test – – – – – – – 27
3.5.2 Indole test – – – – – – – – 27
3.5.3 Methyl red test – – – – – – – – 27
3.5.4 Voges-Proskauer test – – – – – – – 28
3.5.5 Triple sugar iron test – – – – – – – 28
3.5.6 Urease test – – – – – – – – 28
Chapter FOUR
4.0 Results – – – – – – – – – 30
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