Contents

Page

Title Page

i

Declaration

ii

Certification

iii

Dedication

iv

Acknowledgements

v

Abstract

vi

Table of Contents

vii

List of Tables

xii

List of Appendix

xiii

List of Abbreviations and Symbols

xiv

Chapter ONE

1.0

INTRODUCTION

1

1.1

Background Introduction

1

1.1

Statement of Research Problem

5

1.2

Justification

6

1.3

Aim and Objectives

7

Chapter TWO

2.0

LITERATURE REVIEW

8

2.1

Introduction

8

2.2

Dietary patterns and the Nutritional Status of Adults

9

vii

2.3

Assessment of Nutritional Status

10

2.3.1

Anthropometric Studies

11

2.3.1.1

Anthropometric Measurements of Malnutrition

11

2.3.2

Biochemical Assessment

12

2.3.4

Clinical Assessment

12

2.5

Effects of Dietary Patterns on Health

13

2.5.1

Obesity

14

2.5.2

Body mass index

17

2.5.3

Diabetes

17

2.5.4

Hypertension

19

2.5.5

Cardiovascular Diseases

20

2.5.6

Cerebrovascular Disease

21

2.5.7

Adulthood and Chronic Diseases

21

Chapter THREE

3.0

MATERIALS AND METHODS

22

3.1

Study Area

22

3.2

Study Population

22

3.3

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

22

3.4

Study Design

22

3.5