TABLE OF CONTENTS 

CERTIFICATION ............................................................................ ii 

COPYRIGHT ................................................................................. iii 

DECLARATION ............................................................................. iv 

Date.............................................................................................. iv 

DEDICATION ................................................................................. v 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................. vi 

ABSTRACT .................................................................................. vii 

LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................... xiii 

LIST OF FIGURE ......................................................................... xiv 

LIST OF APPENDICES................................................................... xv 

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS............................................................. xv 

Chapter ONE

............................................................................... 1 

BACKGROUND INFORMATION ....................................................... 1 

1.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 1 

1.2 Background to the Problem........................................................... 1 

1.3 Statement of the Problem ............................................................. 4 

1.4 General Objective...................................................................... 5 

1.4.1 Specific Objectives .................................................................... 6 

1.5 Research Questions.................................................................... 6 

1.6 Significance of the Study ............................................................. 7 

1.7 Scope of the Study ..................................................................... 7 

1.8 Limitation of the Study................................................................ 8 

1.9 Delimitation of the Study ............................................................. 8 

Chapter TWO

.............................................................................. 9 

LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................... 9 

2.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 9 

2.2 Theories of Visual Aids in Learning ................................................ 9 

2.2.1 Dual-Coding Theory................................................................... 9 

2.2.2 Multimedia Theory .................................................................. 10 

2.2.2.1 Selection............................................................................... 10 

2.2.2.2 Organization .......................................................................... 10 

2.2.2.3 Integration............................................................................. 11 

2.2.3 Instructional Theory ................................................................. 11 

2.2.4 Learners Centred Approach ........................................................ 12 

2.2.5 Integrationist Theory ................................................................ 13 

2.2.6 Effectiveness of Visual Learning Aids for the Intended Learners............ 14 

2.2.7 Physical Qualities of Visual Learning Aids...................................... 14 

2.2.8 Appropriateness Use of Visual Learning Aids on Students Learning Process.................... 15 

2.3 Empirical Literature ................................................................. 16 

2.3.1 A Study on the Usefulness of Audio-Visual Aids in English Language Teaching.................. 16 

2.3.2 A Study to Compare Traditional and Modern Methods of Learning by Using Audio Visual Aids ................................................................................................................................... 17 

2.3.3 The Importance of Visual Learning Aids in Tanzania Public Secondary Schools ................. 18 

2.4 The Gap in the Literature ........................................................... 18 

2.5 Conceptual Framework ............................................................. 19 

Chapter THREE

......................................................................... 21 

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................................ 21 

3.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 21

 3.2 Research Design ..................................................................... 21 

3.3 Description of the Study Area...................................................... 22 

3.4 Study Population ..................................................................... 22 

3.5 Sampling Techniques................................................................ 23 

3.6 Data Collection Methods and Instruments ....................................... 23 

3.6.1 Questionnaires........................................................................ 24 

3.6.2 Documentary Review Guide ....................................................... 24 

3.6.3 Interview questions .................................................................. 24 

3.6.4 Data Processing and Analysis...................................................... 24 

3.7 Validity and Reliability ............................................................. 24 

3.7.1 Validity ................................................................................ 25 

3.7.2 Reliability ............................................................................. 25 

3.8 Ethical Considerations................................................................ 25 

Chapter FOUR

........................................................................... 27 

FINDINGS, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS ....................................... 27 

4.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 27 

4.2 Characteristics of Respondents .................................................... 27  

4.3 Age Distribution ..................................................................... 28 

4.4 Data Presentation .................................................................... 29 

4.4.1 Discussion of the Findings.......................................................... 33 

4.5 To Identify the Type of Visual Learning Aids that Secondary School Teachers in Magu District Used and their Effect on Students Learning Outcomes..................................................... 34 

4.5.1 Discussions of the Findings ........................................................ 35 

4.6 The Barriers which Make Use of Visual Learning Aids Difficulty in Magu District Secondary Schools............................................................................................. 36 

4.6.1 Heads of Schools..................................................................... 36 

4.6.2 The District Education Officer..................................................... 37 

4.6.3 Discussions of the Findings ........................................................ 37 

4.7 Other Factors which Affect the Performance of Students in Examinations in Magu District ......................................................................................................... 37 

4.7.1 Shortage of Teachers ................................................................ 37 

4.7.2 Poverty of Parents.................................................................... 38 

4.7.3 Students Views on Poor Performance ............................................ 38 

Chapter FIVE

............................................................................ 40 

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................... 40 

5.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 40 

5.2 Summary of

Chapter 4

- 5 .......................................................... 40 

5.2.1 National Form Four Examination Performance in 2013 and 2014 ........... 40 

5.2.2 The Type of Visual Learning Aids in Magu District ........................... 41 

5.2.3 The Barriers which Make Use of Visual Learning Aids Difficulty........... 41 

5.2.4 Other Factors which Affect the Performance of Students...................... 41 

5.3 Conclusion of the Study............................................................. 42 

5.4 Recommendations ................................................................... 43 

5.4.1 Affirmative Action on Availability of Learning Aids .......................... 43 

5.4.2 Re-Invigorating Professionalism in Teachers.................................... 43 

5.4.3 Area for Further Research .......................................................... 44 

REFERENCES............................................................................... 45 

APPENDICES................................................................................ 50