Project Abstract

Abstract
Lipases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of long-chain triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids and have significant industrial applications in various fields. Micrococcus species are known to produce lipase enzymes, and optimizing culture conditions for maximum lipase production is essential for industrial enzyme production. This study aimed to determine the culture conditions for maximum lipase production by an isolated strain of Micrococcus. The isolated Micrococcus strain was cultured in different media compositions and growth conditions, including variations in pH, temperature, agitation, and incubation time. The lipase activity was assayed using a spectrophotometric method, and the results were analyzed to determine the optimal culture conditions for lipase production. The findings revealed that the isolated Micrococcus strain exhibited maximum lipase production when cultured in a medium containing olive oil as the carbon source and peptone as the nitrogen source. The optimum pH for lipase production was found to be 7.0, with a temperature of 37°C, agitation at 150 rpm, and an incubation period of 48 hours. Under these conditions, the isolated Micrococcus strain showed a significant increase in lipase production compared to other culture conditions tested. The study provides valuable insights into the culture conditions required for maximizing lipase production by an isolated strain of Micrococcus, which can be beneficial for industrial enzyme production processes. Further research can focus on scaling up the production process and optimizing other parameters to enhance lipase yield for commercial applications.

Project Overview

1.0   INTRODUCTION

Ugba also called ukpaka is a popular food delicacy in Nigeria especially among Ibo ethnic group. It is rich in protein and is obtained by a solid state fermentation of the seed of African oil bean tree (Pentaclethra macrophyllaBenth). It is essential food item from various traditional ceremonies where it is mixed with slices of boiled stock fish (ugba and okpoloko). The natural fermentation of the seed which at present is still done at the house-hold level, renders the production nutritious, palatable and non-toxic (Enujiugha, 2002).

Its production, like many African fermented foods depends, entirely on mixed fermentation by microorganism from diverse source.

Some of these seeds have been exploited as soup bases such as Gbegiri from Vigna unguicuata (Akanbi, 1992). Others are fermented and used as condiments and seasonings such as okpei from Prosopis africana (Achi, 1992) and ogiri from Ricinus cummunis (Odunka, 1989). Another of such seeds is the African oil bean seed (Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth), a highly nutritious leguminous crop seed abundant in the rain forest areas of west and central Africa.

Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth is a large woody plant abundant in the rain forest areas of west and central Africa. It’s origin in Nigeria is believed to be around 1937 (Ladipo, 1984); where it is found in the South Nigeria, (Mbajunwa et al, 1998).

“Ugba” Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth belongs to the Family Leguminosae and sub-family microsoideae (Keay, 1989 and NFTA, 1995).

Ugba seeds are irregular and oval, they are flat, black and hard pods. It is composed of oil, protein and small amounts of carbohydrate (Obeta, 1982).

Production of Ugba is still on age old traditional family in the rural area. The fermentation depends on random inoculation of boiled slices of the oil bean seed by microorganism within he immediate environment. Earlier report attribute the sources of the micro-organism to the leaves used in packaging, human handling, container and utensils used in processing (Obeta, 1993, Odunfa & Oyeyiola, 1985).

A number of researches have been carried out to know what causes this fermentation, and was attributed to micro-organisms that are probably introduced through the air, water, and banana leaves. Organisms such asMicrococus roseus, Micrococcus luteus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides,Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus substilis,Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus circclans, E-Coli

Fermented African oil bean seed (ugba), has a high rate of susceptibility to microbial spoilage and therefore has a very short self life of 1-2 weeks (Enujiugha & Olajundoye, 2001).

Manifestation of food spoilage are many and vary typically resulting in an off smell, colour, taste and texture.

Reports by Mbajunwa (1998) Obeta, (1983) and Nwagu et al. (2010) indicates that micrococcus species do not play an active role during microbial fermentation of Ugba.

However, further work on spoilage association of ugba by Nwagu et al(2010) showed that the population of Micrococcus sp increased with increase in keeping time of ugba. This indicates the ability of micrococcus to thrive in the alkalophilic environment while constituting as a spoilage organism of ugba. This may be attributed to the ability of microorganism to produce lipase, lipase, or protease able to utilize protein, carbohydrate or lipid content of ugba as source of nutrition (Njoku et al., 1990).

Lipase are defined as glycerol ester hydrolases (EC3.1.1.3) hydrolyzing tri-di and mono-glycerides present at oil-water interface (Saxena et al, 1999). Some lipases are also able to catalyze esterification, trans-esterification and enantioselective  hydrolysis reaction (Nine et al, 2001, Shintre et al, 2002). The interest in microbial lipase production has increased in the last decades, because of its large potential in a wide range of industrial applications and additives in food processing (flavour modification).

1.1   Aims and Objectives

This work is aimed at the following;

a.           isolating micrococcus from fermented ugba

b.           producing lipase from the micrococcus from ugba