Project Abstract

Abstract
This research project focuses on Nigeria's ongoing battle against terrorism since 2010. The country has faced significant challenges from various terrorist groups, most notably Boko Haram. The study examines the evolution of terrorism in Nigeria, analyzing the factors that have fueled the rise of extremist groups and the government's responses to counter these threats. Through a comprehensive review of literature, official reports, and news articles, the research highlights the impact of terrorism on Nigeria's socio-political landscape. It delves into the devastating consequences of terrorist attacks on civilian populations, infrastructure, and the economy. The study also explores the role of regional and international actors in supporting Nigeria's efforts to combat terrorism, including military assistance, intelligence sharing, and capacity building initiatives. Moreover, the research investigates the effectiveness of Nigeria's counterterrorism strategies and assesses the successes and shortcomings of its military operations against terrorist groups. It examines the challenges faced by the Nigerian security forces, including issues of corruption, human rights abuses, and lack of coordination among different agencies. The study also discusses the role of technology and social media in terrorist activities and the government's efforts to counter online radicalization and recruitment. Furthermore, the research analyzes the impact of terrorism on human rights in Nigeria, focusing on issues such as displacement, internal displacement camps, and the protection of vulnerable populations. It also examines the humanitarian consequences of terrorism, including access to food, water, healthcare, and education in conflict-affected areas. The study emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to addressing the root causes of terrorism, including poverty, marginalization, and lack of governance. In conclusion, this research project provides a comprehensive analysis of Nigeria's war against terrorism since 2010, highlighting the complex challenges faced by the country in combating extremist groups. It offers insights into the evolving nature of terrorism in Nigeria and the implications for national security, human rights, and socio-economic development. The study underscores the importance of multi-dimensional strategies that combine military operations with socio-economic interventions to address the underlying grievances that fuel terrorism and promote lasting peace and stability in Nigeria.

Project Overview

1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Peace is an indispensible tool for the stability, progress and achievement of any nation. However in the quest of such peace, there are bound to be disagreement or conflict but such may be settled amicably for the interest of the nation, if such efforts fail it could result into violence or degenerate into terrorism. The difficulty of defining terrorism is in agreeing on a basis for determining when the use of violence (directed at whom, by whom, for what ends) is legitimate; therefore the modern definition of terrorism is controversial. Through several researches carried out it has been discovered that terrorism doesn’t have an exact definition and it is particularly difficult to define due to the fact that meanings change within social and historical context. The change in meaning is as a result of terrorism not being a solid entity like crime and changes within religious groups, political groups, states and world at large. This is why some people do not see a problem with it and some justify acts of terrorism under religious, political beliefs or as an act of liberation. The term terrorism has spawned heated debates as different scholars often argue about the meaning of the term, According to Cooper (2001) who first approached the problem by stating there is “a problem in the problem definition” we can agree that terrorism is a problem, but we cannot agree on what terrorism is. More recently Schmid (1992) points to the central issue, terrorism is not a physical entity that has dimensions to be measured, weighed and analyzed, it is a social construct; that is terrorism is defined by different people within vacillating social and political realities and this is a problem. Despite the controversy revolving around the definition of terrorism the UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1566(2004) defined terrorism as criminal acts, including against civilians, committed with the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury, or taking of hostages, with the purpose to provoke a state of terror in the general public or in a group of persons or particular persons, intimidate a population or compel a government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act. The FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) referred to terrorism, as been the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. The U.S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE also defined terrorism as the calculated use of violence to include fear; intended coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.
In Nigeria terrorism, which is fast becoming an emerging challenge to national security. According to Azazi (former NSA) as cited in (obene, 2012) “The Nigerian nation is not prepared for the spate of violence we are experiencing”. However research goes ahead to state the fact that there have been several symptoms of terrorism since time memorial, because according to McNamara (1990, p.17) ‘any society that seeks to achieve adequate security against the background of acute food shortage, population explosion, low level of productivity and per capita income, low technological development, inadequate and insufficient public utilities and chronic problems of unemployment; (religious intolerance and criminal politicking) has a false sense of security.
Though Nigeria has remained relatively peaceful for a long period of time, Obene (2012) argues that the killing of Mr. Dele Giwa, by ‘Letter Bomb in October 1986 marked the beginning of violent killings and the use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in Nigeria. Subsequently, the movement for the advancement of democracy hijacked a Nigeria airways aircraft in October 1993 following the annulment of Chief M.K.O Abiola’s presidential election. After this, a vicious bomb blast ripped shed 6 of Ilorin stadium in August 1994.
Several acts of terrorism have been carried out in Nigeria, organized terrorism in Nigeria can be traced to the emergence of the Maitatsine group in northern Nigeria, other terrorism activities which have occurred in Nigeria the general sectarian violence in Jos (2011), series of bombings and killings in Maiduguri since 2004 till date, the 2010 New Year’s Eve bombing of Mogadishu military cantonment Mammy Market Abuja, The May 29th 2010 presidential inauguration bombing in Abuja, the 1st October 2010 bombing in Abuja that disorganized the marking of Nigeria’s 50th independence anniversary as well as the mammy market bombings in Bauchi, and Zuba near Abuja in 2011.
Post-April 2011 presidential election violence in the northern parts of Nigeria. April 8th, 2011 Suleja INEC office bombing. May 29th 2011 bombing of social drinking spots in Maiduguri and Zuba, an outskirt of Abuja. June 16, 2011 Nigeria police force headquarters bombing in Abuja. August 26th, 2011 bombing of UN house in Abuja. November 4th, 2011 bombing of Army Task Force Operational, police headquarters and other government buildings in Damaturu, Yobe State and Maiduguri in Borno state. Christmas day bombing at St. Theresa catholic church in Madalla near Abuja on the 25th of December 2011 and most recently the highly publicized kidnapping of the 230 chibok girls on 14th of April 2014were most of these terrorist acts have been linked the BOKO HARAM terrorist group. Another notable terrorist activity that can be recorded in Nigeria is the Niger delta oil crises, were the oil rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria was embroiled in constant battle between the government forces and some militant elements that were aggrieved over certain fundamental,…

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:
Nigeria, which is one of the most populous country in Africa, has been under various terrorist attack for a long time now with no ideal solution been carried out and this is affecting the country negatively. Boko Haram meaning “Western education is forbidden”, one of the most popular terrorist group in Nigeria made its presence known in 2004 in Yobe state and by 2011 it made its presence known to the global community by bombing the United Nations headquarters in Abuja. Over the years it has willfully attacked hundreds of buildings and killed many innocent Nigerians with an estimated kill of more than 5,000 civilians between July 2009 and June 2014, including at least 2,000 in the first half of 2014. These attacks have been concentrated mainly in northeast, north-central and central Nigeria. Since 2009 Boko Haram have abducted more than 500 men, women and children, topping its exploits on April 14th 2014, with the abduction of more than 230 Chibok secondary school girls and is still holding them in spite of much-touted international collaboration to rescue them and no one knowing the faith of those girls returning. These terrorist activities that have been going on for a long time now and is having an effect on the national economy, a lot has been deployed for eradicating this problem increasing death rate and making citizens strangers in their own country.
1.3 THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS RESEARCH:
The main purpose for this study is to investigate the war against terrorism in Nigeria since 2010. In addition, this study is expected to achieve the following specific objectives.
ï‚· To understudy the history of terrorism in Nigeria
ï‚· To analyze the level of terrorism in Nigeria
ï‚· To find out the major factor(s) that promote terrorism
ï‚· To assess the effectiveness of efforts applied by the Nigerian government to curb terrorism since 2010.
ï‚· To certify the implications of terrorism on the Nigerian society
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS:
ï‚· What is the history of terrorism in Nigeria?
ï‚· What is the level of terrorism in Nigeria?