This work takes a comparative view of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and Human trafficking. Through out the years, especially from the abolition of slave trade, many scholars have written on the subject. On the contrary there is no scholarly work on Human trafficking but the available records are those done by the publicists and journalists. It is in this direction that this work is developed to serve as a reference material to subsequent academic researchers in similar study. The work places side by side, the impact of old slave trade and the modern trade in human commodity on the affected individuals and the society. Thus, it has been discovered that there is no differences between the trans-Atlantic slave trade and Modern human trafficking even in their method of recruitment, exploitation of victims as well as their effect on the society. It has also been discovered that while the former targeted solely, the black Africa, the ongoing trade in human places the entire human society at risk of trafficking.