Project Abstract

Abstract
Constitutions are fundamental legal documents that serve as the foundation for the governance of a country. In the case of Nigeria, a comparative analysis of the independence and post-independence constitutions provides valuable insights into the evolution of the country's legal and political systems. This research project aims to explore the key similarities and differences between the independence constitution of 1960 and the subsequent post-independence constitutions, particularly the 1979 and 1999 constitutions. The independence constitution of Nigeria, enacted in 1960, marked a significant milestone in the country's history as it granted self-governance to Nigeria. This constitution established a federal system of government, with a division of powers between the central government and the regional governments. It also outlined the fundamental rights and freedoms of Nigerian citizens, as well as the structure of the judiciary and other key institutions. The independence constitution reflected the aspirations of the Nigerian people for self-determination and autonomy. Following independence, Nigeria experienced a series of political upheavals and military interventions, leading to the suspension of democratic governance. The country adopted new constitutions in 1979 and 1999, following transitions to civilian rule. These post-independence constitutions sought to address the challenges of governance, including issues of federalism, resource management, and the protection of human rights. A comparative analysis of the independence and post-independence constitutions reveals both continuity and change in the legal and political landscape of Nigeria. While certain provisions of the independence constitution were retained in the subsequent constitutions, such as the federal structure of government and the protection of fundamental rights, there were also significant amendments and revisions made to address the changing needs of Nigerian society. This research project will delve into the historical context and political dynamics that shaped the development of the independence and post-independence constitutions in Nigeria. By examining the key provisions and principles of these constitutions, the project aims to shed light on the evolution of constitutionalism and governance in Nigeria. Ultimately, this comparative analysis will contribute to a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities facing Nigeria in its quest for democratic consolidation and national development.

Project Overview

INTRODUCTION

The conference which became the last constitutional conference held before the attainment of Independence in 1960, also took place in London from September 29 to October 27, 1958. The resumed constitutional conference of 1958 was the last Nigerian constitutional conference held before the attainment of Independence in 1960. It was convened to consider the report of the Willink’s commission on the minority the conference resolved among other issues, that the Northern part of Nigeria should be self-governing by 1959 and that if a resolution was passed by the parliament asking for independence, in 1960, then her majesty government would propose a bill of independence in 1960. In December, 1959, a nationwide general election was held into the Federal House of Representatives. In the election, no single party won an over all majority as was the case in 1954, while in September, 1960, the parliament has enacted a law on Nigeria’s independence.