Project Abstract

Abstract
The pre-colonial political system in Hausa-Fulani land is a complex and fascinating subject that has garnered much attention from scholars due to its unique characteristics and historical significance. This research project aims to analyze the political structure, governance, and power dynamics of the Hausa-Fulani people before the advent of colonial rule in Nigeria. By examining primary sources such as oral traditions, historical accounts, and archival records, this study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of how political authority was organized and exercised in the Hausa-Fulani societies. One of the key features of the pre-colonial political system in Hausa-Fulani land was its decentralized nature, with power being distributed among various city-states and emirates. Each city-state was ruled by a local leader known as a "Sarki" or "Emir," who exercised both political and religious authority over their subjects. These leaders often derived their legitimacy from a combination of Islamic law, traditional customs, and the consent of the governed. Furthermore, the Hausa-Fulani political system was characterized by a system of checks and balances that prevented any single individual or group from monopolizing power. Decision-making processes were often consultative, with rulers seeking the advice of councilors, elders, and other key stakeholders before making important decisions. This inclusive approach to governance helped to foster a sense of community and cooperation among the people. Religion also played a significant role in shaping the political landscape of Hausa-Fulani societies. Islam, which was introduced to the region in the 11th century, became a unifying force that transcended ethnic and cultural differences. Islamic principles and practices influenced various aspects of governance, including the administration of justice, taxation, and social welfare. In conclusion, the analysis of the pre-colonial political system in Hausa-Fulani land provides valuable insights into the historical development of governance structures in northern Nigeria. By exploring the decentralized nature of political authority, the consultative decision-making processes, and the influence of Islam on governance practices, this research project contributes to a deeper understanding of the rich political heritage of the Hausa-Fulani people.

Project Overview

INTRODUCTION

The Hausa land, before 1804, was made up of fourteen towns grouped into two. The first group of seven was called Hausa Bakwai while the other group of seven was balled Banza Bakwai. The Fulani took over the political leadership of the Hausa or Habe states in the early 19th century. The Jihad that preceded this occupation was seen as religious as well as political. Othman Dan Fodio led the Fulani Jihad and took over the political leadership of the Hausa/Habe and established the Sokoto caliphate with outstanding centralized political system of government. He introduced a new system of selecting andppointing rulers described as Emirs to rule the caliphate. Each of the Emirs owed allegiance to Dan Fodio and his two representatives at Sokoto and Gwandu. The Fulanis settled in Hausa land and intermarried with the Hausa people after conquering them and this was how the name Hausa-Fulani came about.