Project Abstract

Abstract
Gmelina arborea, commonly known as gamhar, is a fast-growing tree species with significant economic and ecological value. This study aimed to investigate the influence of plantation age on the characteristics of Gmelina arborea, focusing on growth parameters, wood properties, and biomass production. A field experiment was conducted in a Gmelina arborea plantation in [location] with three age groups young (5-8 years), intermediate (10-15 years), and mature (20-25 years). Growth parameters such as tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and crown diameter were measured, revealing a steady increase with age. The young plantations exhibited rapid height growth, while the intermediate and mature plantations showed slower but steadier growth patterns. DBH also showed a similar trend, with the largest trees found in the mature plantations. Wood properties, including density, moisture content, and fiber characteristics, were analyzed to assess the quality of Gmelina arborea wood at different plantation ages. The results indicated that wood density increased with plantation age, with mature trees having the highest density values. Moisture content decreased with age, suggesting improved wood drying properties in older plantations. Fiber characteristics such as fiber length and width also showed variations with age, potentially influencing the wood's strength and utility. Biomass production was estimated by calculating above-ground biomass and carbon sequestration potential in the different age groups. The results revealed a significant increase in biomass accumulation with plantation age, with mature plantations storing the highest amount of carbon. This highlights the importance of older Gmelina arborea plantations in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation efforts. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrate that plantation age significantly influences the characteristics of Gmelina arborea trees, affecting their growth, wood properties, and biomass production. Understanding these age-related variations is crucial for sustainable management practices and maximizing the economic and ecological benefits of Gmelina arborea plantations. Further research is recommended to explore additional factors influencing tree characteristics and to develop age-specific management strategies for Gmelina arborea plantations.

Project Overview

INTRODUCTION
Wood presents a unique challenge in use because of its variability and the directional nature of its basic structure. These are the sources of some of its attractive features but they require also that they be handled and applied in ways appropriate for good end use. The ways in which the structural features of the particular species determine their properties and limit the uses and applications can be studied more precisely (Jayeolaet al., 2009). Many attempts have been made to define wood quality (Keith 1985), but the definition proposed by (Mitchell 1961) appears to be the most widely cited: “Wood quality is the resultant of physical and chemical characteristics possessed by a tree or a part of a tree that enable it to meet the property requirements for different end products”. As wood properties affect various aspects of the manufacturing process, wood quality must be defined in terms of the value of its end products. In addition, the definition needs to include serviceability, and cover attributes of interest to end-users, which may or may not have a direct impact on manufacturing, but will continue to matter long after the product has been sold and installed. Wood fibres are usually cellulosic elements that are extracted from trees, straw, bamboo, cotton seed, hemp, sugarcane and other sources.