Project Abstract

Abstract
Freshwater pollution is a global environmental challenge that has significant impacts on ecosystems, human health, and economies. This research project aims to investigate the sources, extent, and consequences of freshwater pollution, with a focus on both point-source and non-point source pollution. The study will assess the effectiveness of current pollution control measures and explore innovative solutions to mitigate freshwater pollution. Through a comprehensive literature review, data analysis, and field investigations, this research will identify the key pollutants present in freshwater bodies, their sources, transport pathways, and potential ecological and human health impacts. The project will also examine the role of different stakeholders, including government agencies, industries, agricultural practices, and the general public, in contributing to or mitigating freshwater pollution. Furthermore, this research will evaluate the existing policies and regulations governing freshwater pollution control and management at national and international levels. By analyzing case studies from various regions, the study will highlight successful strategies and best practices in addressing freshwater pollution. The research will also consider the challenges and limitations faced in implementing pollution control measures and suggest ways to improve policy frameworks and enforcement mechanisms. One of the main objectives of this project is to raise awareness about the importance of freshwater conservation and the urgent need to address pollution issues. By engaging with local communities, stakeholders, and decision-makers, the research aims to promote sustainable practices and behavior change to reduce pollution inputs into freshwater systems. In conclusion, this research project seeks to contribute to the ongoing efforts to tackle freshwater pollution by providing valuable insights, data, and recommendations for policymakers, scientists, and the general public. By enhancing our understanding of the sources and impacts of freshwater pollution, this study will support the development of effective strategies and interventions to safeguard water quality and protect freshwater ecosystems for future generations.

Project Overview

INTRODUCTION

THE STATE OF FRESHWATER IN NIGERIA resembles A Tale of Two Cities. It is the best of times in that, in the latter portion of the 20th century, we reversed the general disregard for water bodies. Our nation rallied in the face of flammable rivers, water bodies used as dumps for industrial waste and municipal sewage, and wetland losses of approximately 450,000 acres per year.

Waterways are significantly healthier today because a previous generation of leaders had the vision and commitment to insist upon it. But it is the worst of times in that progress today has essentially plateaued far short of the national goal, stated in the very first section of the 1974 Clean Water Act, of having fishable and swimmable waters. The law’s goal of eliminating pollution discharges has, moreover, been reduced to a fantasy of a bygone era.

There are numerous, ominous signs of complacency. The U.S. continues to rely upon technologies developed decades ago, or, in the case of wastewater treatment, almost 100 years ago. We have let our sewer systems fall into disrepair, allowing raw and partially treated sewage to flow into waterways because it never reaches the plant for treatment. At our current rate of investment, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has projected that sewage pollution will be as high in 2025 as it was in 1968, before the passage of the Clean Water Act.