Project Abstract

Abstract
This project focuses on the design and construction of a 2KVA power inverter, which is capable of converting DC power from a battery into AC power for operating household appliances during power outages or in off-grid locations. The inverter design includes the selection of appropriate components such as power transistors, transformers, and control circuitry to achieve the desired power output. The construction phase involves assembling these components on a printed circuit board (PCB) and housing them in a suitable enclosure for safety and convenience. The design process begins with determining the power requirements of the inverter, selecting the battery voltage, and choosing the appropriate circuit topology for efficient power conversion. The component selection is critical to ensure the inverter can handle the required load capacity and maintain stable operation. Power transistors with adequate current and voltage ratings are chosen to handle the power conversion, while transformers are selected to step up the voltage from the battery to the desired AC output level. Control circuitry, including microcontrollers and driver circuits, are integrated to manage the switching of transistors and regulate the output waveform. The construction phase involves soldering components onto the PCB according to the circuit diagram and connecting them using proper wiring techniques. Careful attention is paid to component placement and soldering to avoid short circuits and ensure reliable operation. After the PCB assembly is completed, the inverter is tested for functionality and efficiency. Testing involves verifying the output voltage and waveform, checking for any abnormal heating or noise, and evaluating the inverter's performance under different load conditions. The final step in the construction process is housing the inverter in a suitable enclosure to protect the components and ensure user safety. The enclosure design includes proper ventilation for heat dissipation, input and output terminals for connecting appliances, and indicators for monitoring the inverter's status. Safety features such as overload protection, short circuit protection, and grounding are incorporated to prevent damage to the inverter and connected devices. In conclusion, the design and construction of a 2KVA power inverter require careful planning, component selection, and assembly techniques to create a reliable and efficient power conversion device. By following a systematic approach and thorough testing procedures, a functional inverter can be constructed for providing backup power in various applications.

Project Overview

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Electrical/Electronic Engineering is a very important element that cannot be neglected in the society as it is deeply sewn into the fabric of the society. It is an important element in homes to power household devices like electric bulbs, electric cooker, refrigerator, television set, etc. It also finds applications in various work places/offices to power devices like light bulbs, air conditioners, computers, etc. In fact electronic/electrical engineering is the foundation of careers of many people doing both white-collar and blue-collar jobs.

Despite the development, the power generation and distribution across the country is abysmally low and is very far from being enough. This is a problem that has provoked so many alternative power solutions to cater for the increasing power needs.

The popular solution is the generator set. There are sets of different sizes and ratings; they also use fuel like petrol or diesel. However the generating set has disadvantages like noise pollution, air pollution (it has led to the death of many people in Nigeria), and an expensive alternative power solution.

That is why an alternative, the power inverter is advocated for homes since the load is small compared to industrial setups. It must be noted however that a generating set is still advisable for an industrial setup despite its disadvantages. The power inverter solves most of the disadvantages of the generating set regarding cost of fuel, noise pollution, and air pollution.

The power inverter is an able alternative power supply source for homes with bad electricity supply from electricity utility companies.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Faced with the problem of abysmal power supply from supply authorities, noise pollution, air pollution, cost of the popular alternative: generator sets, there is a need for a less noisy, pollution free and cheap solution to power problems in the houses of individuals and families in Nigeria.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

AIM

The aim of this project is to design and construct a 2kVA power inverter with an inbuilt charging system that will be charged when there is supply from mains and supply the inverter when there is no supply from the mains.

OBJECTIVES

1. To design and construct an inverter that will be able to power essential loads in a house.
2. To design and construct an automatic switching circuit for changing power between the battery and the mains power supply.
3. To design and construct an electromechanical switch for altering power supply and cutting battery supply when it is low.
4. To design and construct an alarm circuit that beeps when the load on the iverter is beyond the inverter capacity.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study is based on the design and construction of a 2kVA power inverter and its process of operation.

 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

With the obvious advantages of the inverter being a cheaper (in the long term) and cleaner source of energy, it is a device that can power essential loads in the absence of supply from power supply utilities in the country.