Project Abstract

Abstract
The design and construction of a fire alarm system in a two-storeyed building is crucial to ensure the safety of occupants and the protection of property in the event of a fire emergency. This research project aims to outline the process involved in the design and installation of a comprehensive fire alarm system tailored to the specific needs of a two-storeyed building. The first step in the project involves conducting a thorough assessment of the building layout, occupancy types, and fire hazards to determine the requirements for the fire alarm system. This assessment includes identifying escape routes, high-risk areas, and the number of occupants in the building to establish the level of protection needed. Next, the project focuses on selecting appropriate fire detection devices, including smoke detectors, heat detectors, and manual call points, based on the identified fire risks and building characteristics. The placement of these devices is critical to ensure early detection of a fire and prompt notification of building occupants. The research project also delves into the design of the alarm notification system, which includes audible and visual alarm devices strategically located throughout the building to alert occupants in case of a fire emergency. The selection of alarm devices takes into account factors such as building size, layout, and ambient noise levels to ensure effective notification. Furthermore, the project addresses the integration of the fire alarm system with other building systems, such as the HVAC system and access control system, to enhance overall fire safety and emergency response capabilities. The seamless integration of these systems enables coordinated actions in the event of a fire, such as activating smoke control measures and unlocking emergency exits. In addition to the design aspects, the research project covers the installation and testing phases of the fire alarm system. Proper installation by qualified technicians is essential to ensure the system functions as intended during an emergency. Rigorous testing and commissioning procedures are also vital to verify the system's functionality and compliance with relevant standards and regulations. Overall, the design and construction of a fire alarm system in a two-storeyed building require careful planning, coordination, and attention to detail to create a reliable and effective fire safety solution. By following the outlined process, building owners and occupants can have confidence in the fire alarm system's ability to provide early detection and timely notification in the event of a fire emergency.

Project Overview

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF PROBLEM

Fire detection system are safety system. They monitor rooms and buildings continuously for indication of fire outbreak and give alarm directly if one occurs.The industrial Electronics has changed the whole field ofEngineering and technology is occurring so rapidly, even indeveloping countries. It is so because newer technologies overcome older ones. After the industrial revolution the world directed towards the information age with the development of computers during the 1950’s.
As such, mechantronics which is a principle that combines theapplication of mechanical and electrical means has taken over thegreater part of industrial electronics which is indispensable in modern technology.
In Nigeria, security which is one of the basic lookouts in anyproductive firm has been on the decrease. Most industries have gone bankrupt because of their inability to meet up to the security standard required in a modern day setting. Equally, some homes and offices have lost important documents and properties due to easy access that criminals have. There is thus an urgent need for significant security measures to improve the standard of living of the people, enhance development and put to a stop the menace of insecurity. That is the reason as a student of Electrical/Electronics Engineering I decided to embark on a project named “Microcontroller Based Multipurpose Security Device with Direction”.
This electronic system consists of four sensors made up of opto couplers realized with combination of Laser beam, from Laser diode coupled into a cadmium sulfide photocell (c.d.s photocell).
This component serves as an electronic eye, the output ofoptocouplers conditioned by a Schmitt trigger NAND gate controlLogic (74 Ls 132) TTL chip. The output of the 132 chips is sent intoport 0 of 8051 microcontroller. A keypad encoder containing eightkeys is interfaced to a port 1 of 8051 microcontroller. Anelectromagnetic relay driven by a Darlington pair transistor static switch is interfaced to the port 2 of the microcontroller. Servo motors that serve as the door prime mover is link to AC Circuit. Via the normally open contact of the electromagnetic relay. A buzzer is also interface to port 2 through a single transistor static switch.
Both the British Factory Acts 1961 and the officers shops and railway premises Acts 1963 stiputed minimum requirements in the case of fire that there shall be clear and audible warning throughout the building. Also, an earlier statutory requirement (section 36[7] of the factories Acts 1937) states that in any factory, hospitals, market places, homes etc. Where more than 20 persons are employed that place should be effective provision for giving warning signal in case of fire outbreak and that it shall be clearly audible throughout the building.

1.2 STRUCTURE OF THE PROBLEM

The alarm is given locally (visually and audibly) in order to mobilize internal auxiliary personal e.g the works fire brigade) and inform them as to the seat of the fire. A control center performs the organization of the alarm, that is, it makes available operational aids for the fire fighting measures and automatically bring the fire protection equipment into operation.