Project Abstract

Abstract
Steam distillation is a widely used method for the extraction of essential oils from plant materials. In this project, we focus on the construction of an open steam distillation system for educational and small-scale production purposes. The design includes a boiler to generate steam, a distillation chamber for the plant material, and a condenser to collect the essential oil. The system is designed to be simple, cost-effective, and easy to assemble using readily available materials. The boiler is a stainless steel container with a heating element that is connected to a water source. The steam generated from the boiling water is directed into the distillation chamber where the plant material is placed. The steam helps to release the essential oils from the plant material, and the vapor containing the oils is then condensed in the condenser. The distillation chamber is a glass or stainless steel container that holds the plant material. It is important to ensure that the plant material does not come into direct contact with the steam to prevent contamination. The condenser is a coiled tube that is cooled with water to condense the vapor into a liquid form. The essential oil and water mixture is collected in a separate container. The open steam distillation system is an effective way to extract essential oils from plant materials such as lavender, peppermint, and eucalyptus. The process is relatively simple and can be carried out in a home or educational setting with basic equipment. The essential oils produced through this method can be used for aromatherapy, perfumery, and other applications. Overall, the construction of an open steam distillation system provides a practical and hands-on approach to learning about essential oil extraction. It offers an opportunity for students and enthusiasts to explore the principles of steam distillation and gain experience in producing their own essential oils. Additionally, the system can be scaled up for small-scale production, making it a valuable tool for artisanal producers. Through this project, we aim to promote interest in natural product extraction methods and encourage sustainable practices in essential oil production.

Project Overview

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Distillation is a separating technique in which two liquids are separated at essentially the same temperature and pressure. It is also the term used to describe the operation where the vaporization of a liquid mixture yields a vapor phase containing more than one constituents and it is desired to recover one or more of this constituents in a nearly pure state. The search for a lather that would turn in only one direction probably ended in the fifteenth century, when the lathers powered by cranked flywheels and giant wheels powered by hand foot horse, and even water were invented, Leonardo a Vinci was one of the many inventors who designed the early continuous drive lather. However, today, wood lathe machined are powered by an electric motor which provide the continuous motion needed.

Although, wood lathe machines are made from metal steel, iron etc.

It would probably be beneficial to define the terms that describe the process and related properties. Let us begin by describing the process by which Traditionally, it was thought that the ancient a substance transformed from the condensed phase to the gas phase. For liquid, this process is called VAPORIZATION and for a solid it is called SUBMIATIN, both processes requires heat. All substances regardless whether they are liquids or solids are characterized by a vapor pressure. The vapor pressure of a pure substance is the pressure exerted by the substance against the external pressure which is usually atmospheric pressure. Vapor pressure is a measure of the tendency to escape. When the vapor pressure of a liquid substance reaches the external pressure the substance is observed to Boil. If the external pressure is atmospheric pressure, the temperature at which a pure substance boils is called the
NORMAL BOILING POINT.