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Design and construction of an automatic phase selector

 

Table Of Contents

<p> </p><p>Title Page &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; i<br>Dedication – &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;ii<br>Approval page &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;iii<br>Acknowledgement – &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;iv<br>Abstract &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;v<br>Table of Contents – &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;vi</p><p><b>

Chapter ONE

:<br>INTRODUCTION</b><br>1.1 Background of the study &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;1<br>1.2 Statement of problem &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;3<br>1.3 Objectives of the study &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;3<br>1.4 Scope and Limitation of the study &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;4<br>1.5 Significance of the study &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;5<br>1.6 Organization of the work &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;6</p><p><b>

Chapter TWO

:<br>LITERATURE REVIEW</b><br>2.1 History of automatic control &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;8<br>2.2 Automatic phase selector (APS) &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;9</p><p><b>

Chapter THREE

:<br>METHODOLOGY, DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION</b><br>3.1 Introduction &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;12<br>3.2 Power Supply Unit – &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;14<br>&nbsp;3.3 Voltage Sensing Unit – &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;17<br>&nbsp;3.4 Switching Unit – &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;19<br>3.5 General Circuit Operation &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;21<br>3.6 List of Components &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;24</p><p><b>

Chapter FOUR

:<br>SYSTEM DESIGN ANALYSIS</b><br>4.1 Power supply unit &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;25<br>4.2 Voltage Sensing Unit – &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;29<br>&nbsp;4.3 Switching Unit – &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;31</p><p><b>

Chapter FIVE

:<br>PACKAGING, TESTING, RESULT AND DISCUSSION</b><br>5.1 Packaging &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;33<br>5.2 Testing &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;34<br>5.3 Result &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;35<br>5.4 Discussion of result – &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;35</p><p><b>CHAPTER SIX<br>CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION</b><br>6.1 Conclusion- &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;37<br>6.2 Recommendation – &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;38<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<b>&nbsp;References – &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;40</b></p> <br><p></p>

Project Abstract

This is the design and construction of an Automatic Phase Selector. In the construction work, LM324 integrated circuit (comparator) and 2N2222 transistors were used as active components alongside other passive components. The circuit components were mounted on a Vero board. Result shows that, when the three phase A.C inputs Red phase (P1), yellow phase (P2) and blue phase (P3) from public utility supply was fed to the system, the system compared the inputs with regards to phase imbalances, and the input with the highest voltage appears across the output. It also changes over from one phase to anothe4r immediately the circuit senses further phase imbalance.
Keywords Relay, Switch, Comparator, Phase Selector, Automatic.

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