Formulation and production of levera soap
Table Of Contents
Project Abstract
The production of the soap was carried out using all the necessary equipments like the reactor, mould, stirrer, hygrometer guage etc. and all the required reagents for soap production in correct proportion.
In the production, palm kernel oil (P.K.O) was used instead of tallow or grease. This was because soap produced from grease or tallow tends to dissolve slowly at room temperature, whereas, soap of palm kernel oil product gives a quicker lather which is relatively suitable.
Different formulation were developed, but the most appropriate was the ratio 21 of P.K.O to caustic soda solution. This ratio gave a very quality soap. The other formulation are 31 and 11 of good quality and physically, they were observed to be brittle.
The test and analysis carried out on the P.K.O and the soap produced proved that the saponification value of the P.K.O was 248.24; refractive index was 1.451, free fatty value of 1.58; acid value of 4.43; moisture content of 26.78%; free alkali of 0.214%, alcohol insoluble matter of 1.43% and PH value of 9.98 at a temperature reading 2980c. The soap was moderately soft and very soluble in water.
The quality of soap produced conformed to all the requirements for toilet soap from Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON). It was found out that the soap has no inferiors effect on the skin; does not contain any visible foreign matter which means that the soap was properly mixed, does not encourage microbial growth and lathers effectively.
It was also found that the cost of producing the herbal/medicated or antiseptic soap was N63.00k compared to that sold in the market for N100.00k per tablet. Thus, the production based on the research work was profitable and more economical.
Project Overview
The production of the soap was carried out using all the necessary equipments like the reactor, mould, stirrer, hygrometer guage etc. and all the required reagents for soap production in correct proportion.
In the production, palm kernel oil (P.K.O) was used instead of tallow or grease. This was because soap produced from grease or tallow tends to dissolve slowly at room temperature, whereas, soap of palm kernel oil product gives a quicker lather which is relatively suitable.
Different formulation were developed, but the most appropriate was the ratio 2:1 of P.K.O to caustic soda solution. This ratio gave a very quality soap. The other formulation are 3:1 and 1:1 of good quality and physically, they were observed to be brittle.
The test and analysis carried out on the P.K.O and the soap produced proved that the saponification value of the P.K.O was 248.24; refractive index was 1.451, free fatty value of 1.58; acid value of 4.43; moisture content of 26.78%; free alkali of 0.214%, alcohol insoluble matter of 1.43% and PH value of 9.98 at a temperature reading 2980c. The soap was moderately soft and very soluble in water.
The quality of soap produced conformed to all the requirements for toilet soap from Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON). It was found out that the soap has no inferiors effect on the skin; does not contain any visible foreign matter which means that the soap was properly mixed, does not encourage microbial growth and lathers effectively.
It was also found that the cost of producing the herbal/medicated or antiseptic soap was N63.00k compared to that sold in the market for N100.00k per tablet. Thus, the production based on the research work was profitable and more economical.
Blazingprojects Mobile App
📚 Over 50,000 Project Materials
📱 100% Offline: No internet needed
📝 Over 98 Departments
🔍 Software coding and Machine construction
🎓 Postgraduate/Undergraduate Research works
📥 Instant Whatsapp/Email Delivery
Related Research
Design and Optimization of a Chemical Process for Sustainable Production of Biofuels...
The project "Design and Optimization of a Chemical Process for Sustainable Production of Biofuels" focuses on developing an efficient and environmenta...
Optimization of Biofuel Production from Algae...
The project on "Optimization of Biofuel Production from Algae" focuses on exploring innovative strategies to maximize the efficiency of biofuel produc...
Design and Optimization of a Novel Chemical Process for Sustainable Energy Productio...
The project topic "Design and Optimization of a Novel Chemical Process for Sustainable Energy Production" focuses on the development of an innovative ...
Design and Optimization of a Bioreactor for Production of Biofuels...
The project topic "Design and Optimization of a Bioreactor for Production of Biofuels" focuses on the development of an innovative system for the prod...
Optimization of Bioreactor Design for Production of Bioethanol from Agricultural Was...
The project on "Optimization of Bioreactor Design for Production of Bioethanol from Agricultural Waste" aims to address the growing need for sustainab...
Optimization of Biogas Production from Food Waste through Anaerobic Digestion...
The project topic "Optimization of Biogas Production from Food Waste through Anaerobic Digestion" focuses on the sustainable conversion of food waste ...
Optimization of Biodiesel Production Using Microalgae as Feedstock...
The project topic, "Optimization of Biodiesel Production Using Microalgae as Feedstock," focuses on the sustainable production of biodiesel, a renewab...
Optimization of Waste Water Treatment Processes using Advanced Chemical Engineering ...
The project topic "Optimization of Waste Water Treatment Processes using Advanced Chemical Engineering Techniques" focuses on enhancing the efficiency...
Design and Optimization of a Sustainable Process for Bioethanol Production from Agri...
The project topic "Design and Optimization of a Sustainable Process for Bioethanol Production from Agricultural Waste" focuses on the development of a...
