Project Abstract

Abstract
The extraction and formation of perfumes from various plant resources have been an area of interest for centuries due to the unique scents and aromatic compounds found in plants. This research project aims to explore the different methods of extracting essential oils and aromatic compounds from a variety of plants such as flowers, fruits, leaves, and woods. The extraction methods include steam distillation, solvent extraction, enfleurage, maceration, and expression, each with its advantages and limitations in terms of efficiency and quality of the extracted compounds. Furthermore, the research project investigates the chemical composition of the extracted essential oils and aromatic compounds through techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the specific compounds responsible for the scents. Understanding the chemical composition of plant extracts is crucial for formulating perfumes that have a well-balanced and long-lasting fragrance. In addition to extraction methods and chemical analysis, the research project explores the art of perfume formulation. By blending different essential oils and aromatic compounds in varying concentrations, perfumers can create unique fragrance profiles that appeal to different preferences. The project aims to create a database of formulations using plant-derived ingredients to provide a resource for perfumers and fragrance enthusiasts. Moreover, the project investigates the sustainability and environmental impact of using plant resources for perfume production. By sourcing plants from sustainable and ethical suppliers, perfumers can minimize their ecological footprint and support local communities that rely on plant cultivation. The research project also considers alternative sources of aromatic compounds, such as synthetic fragrances and biotechnological production, as potential solutions to reduce the dependence on plant resources. Overall, this research project contributes to the field of perfumery by exploring the extraction, chemical analysis, formulation, and sustainability aspects of using plant resources for perfume production. By understanding the complexities of plant-derived fragrances, perfumers can create innovative and environmentally conscious perfumes that cater to the evolving preferences of consumers.

Project Overview

1. 1 INTRODUCTION
The word perfume derives from the latin ―per fumum‖ meaning through smoke, is fragrant liquid that is sprayed or rubbed on the skin or clothes to give a pleasant smell. Extraction of perfume from various plants resources is of ancient origin. Infact the natives from different tropical regions of the globe have long been extracting oil from numerous oil bearing plants. Human since the ancient time have known how to extract oil from their natural resources. Vegetable oils are naturally occurring esters of higher fatty acids and glycerol. They are widely distributed in nature and were first consumed as food. Later oils were discovered to be used as renewable raw materials for variety of non food production, for instance perfumes, disinfectants, inks to mention but a few.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Several thousands of plants distributed throughtout the world contain a group of odiferous, fragrance, oily products that are highly volatile organic substances collectively known as essential oils. ―Essential‖ does not mean ―most necessary‖ but rather the concentrated characteristics or quintessence of a natural flavor or fragrance raw material (Coulson et al,

2003). Therefore, perfume may be from essential oils of vegetables or plant origin. It is a complex mixture of aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, alcoholic acid and short chain esters.

The existence of perfume on certain plants has been known for thousands of years. They can be found in leaves, flowers, stems, barks, and roots. Ancient Egytians extracted essential oils from plants tissues by steam distillation (Ogbu,2005). Other methods of isolating essential oils includes solvent extraction, expression, cold plate or enfleurage. Some of these methods have been adopted by essential oil extracting industries. Information on perfume when the essential oils have been extracted from plants are of different type of oils and these will ultimately influence the smell of perfume over time namely:….