Project Abstract

Abstract
Forensic biochemistry is a specialized field that applies biochemical techniques to solve legal issues. By analyzing biological samples such as blood, urine, hair, and tissues, forensic biochemists can provide valuable information in criminal investigations, paternity testing, drug abuse detection, and other legal matters. This research aims to explore the various applications of forensic biochemistry and its significance in the criminal justice system. One of the primary applications of forensic biochemistry is in identifying and analyzing body fluids found at crime scenes. The presence of blood, saliva, or semen can provide crucial evidence in linking suspects to the crime. Biochemical tests such as luminol testing for bloodstains, amylase testing for saliva, and acid phosphatase testing for semen can help forensic investigators determine the nature of the bodily fluid present. Furthermore, forensic biochemistry plays a crucial role in toxicology, where it is used to detect the presence of drugs, alcohol, and poisons in biological samples. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are commonly employed techniques for drug screening and quantification in forensic toxicology. These analytical methods help identify substances present in a sample and determine their concentration, providing valuable information for criminal investigations. In addition to drug detection, forensic biochemistry is also utilized in DNA analysis for identification and paternity testing. DNA profiling techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis are used to compare genetic markers from biological samples to establish relationships between individuals. This has revolutionized the field of forensics, enabling accurate identification of suspects and victims in criminal cases. Moreover, forensic biochemistry contributes to the field of forensic anthropology by analyzing skeletal remains to determine the individual's age, sex, and ancestry. Biochemical analyses of bone samples can provide valuable information on the individual's diet, lifestyle, and exposure to toxins, aiding in the identification process. Overall, forensic biochemistry plays a crucial role in modern forensic science by providing valuable information through the analysis of biological samples. Its applications in crime scene investigation, toxicology, DNA analysis, and forensic anthropology have revolutionized the field of forensics, enabling law enforcement agencies to solve complex legal issues and bring justice to victims.

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